Anti-cholangiocarcinoma cell growth and selective ability of bioactive components of ripe wild mango (Spondias pinnata) fruit extract

Abstract

Cholangiocarcinoma is a serious problem of public health in the northeastern region of Thailand. Cancer therapies have many side effects to healthy cells and tissues. Therefore, new anticancer agents are identified from natural resources to decrease side effects and increase the potential of cancer treatments. Ripe wild mango fruit extract which called 6A* was determined the cytotoxic effect in cholangiocarcinoma MO55 cells and a normal epithelial cell of the bile duct MMNK1 cells by using MTT assay. The extract was analyzed total phenolic contents and total flavonoid contents, including screened phytochemical types. In this study, 6A* displayed cytotoxicity in MO55 cells (IC50 0.40 mg/mL) and low cytotoxicity against MMNK1 cells (IC50 2.70 mg/mL). The total phenolic contents and total flavonoid contents of 6A* were 192.14 ± 30.69 mg GAE/g extract, and 73.13 ± 6.34 mg QT/g extract, respectively. The study also found that phytochemicals in 6A* contained tannin, gallic acid, flavonoids, terpenoids, and cardiac glycoside. These molecules could be developed as the new anticancer drugs or cancer prevention agents for treatment cholangiocarcinoma in the future.