Murad Bahadi, and Mohamad Firdaus Yusoff, and Jumat Salimon, and Darfizzi Derawi, (2020) Optimization of response surface methodology by D-optimal design for alkaline hydrolysis of crude palm kernel oil. Sains Malaysiana, 49 (1). pp. 29-41. ISSN 0126-6039
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Abstract
Crude palm kernel oil (CPKO) was converted into its free fatty acids (FFAs) via alkaline hydrolysis. The reaction optimization was performed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) through D-optimal design to optimize the conducted hydrolysis parameters. The optimization parameters were varied from 1.5 to 2.5 h of reaction time, 50-70°C of reaction temperature, and ethanolic KOH concentration 1-2 M. The highest percentage of free fatty acids was 98 ± 0.7 % with a percentage fatty acid yield of 84.7 ± 0.6 % under optimal conditions, which were 2.16 h of reaction time, 1.77 M ethanolic KOH concentration, and 70°C reaction temperature. High-temperature Capillary Column Gas Chromatography (GC-FID) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (NMR-FTIR) were employed to characterize the product. The physicochemical properties of fatty acids were also tested. The acid value, iodine value, and hydroxyl value of the fatty acids obtained were 275.4 ± 0.7 mg NaOH/g, 21.8 ± 0.2 g I2 / 100 g, and 168.2 ± 0.1 mg KOH/g, respectively.
Item Type: | Article |
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Keywords: | Crude palm kernel oil; Fatty acids; Hydrolysis; Response surface methodology |
Journal: | Sains Malaysiana |
ID Code: | 14728 |
Deposited By: | ms aida - |
Deposited On: | 11 Jun 2020 01:41 |
Last Modified: | 12 Jun 2020 04:44 |
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