The battle of ‘AYN JALUT : The stronghold of the Islamic world after the fall of Baghdad

Abstract

The fall of Baghdad recorded a black history in Islamic history that marked the end of the Islamic Empire that had ruled for 656 years from the time of the Prophet Muhammad to the Abbasid Empire. The Mongol attack was one that resulted in nearly 200,000-800,000 deaths and the treasures of the Islamic world were destroyed. Hulagu Khan's mission was to control the entire Islamic world; however, this desire was successfully broken by the Mamluk Kingdom through the battle of Ayn Jalut which took place on September 3, 1260M. Where after controlling Baghdad, Hulagu Khan directed the Mongol army to move to northern Syria to conquer the remaining Islamic territories, including Aleppo and Damascus. After his success, Hulagu Khan began to make moves to control Egypt, and then there was a clash between the Mongols and the Mamluks who were the ruling Kingdom in Egypt, in an area called Ayn Jalut. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the Battle of Ayn Jalut which became the stronghold of the Islamic world after the fall of Baghdad. This study is conducted based on historical methods by analyzing primary and secondary sources as well as contemporary sources produced. This study found that the Mamluk victory in the battle of Ain Jalut made a deep impression on Islamic history, as well as blocking the Mongol championship to control the Islamic world.